Fig 1: Topical HOCl modulates inflammatory and redox stress response gene expression in UV-induced SKH-1 high-risk mouse skin. (a) At the end of the murine photocarcinogenesis experiment (as detailed in Fig. 4), dorsal skin was harvested followed by mRNA preparation and Oxidative Stress Plus RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array analysis: Differential gene expression as depicted by volcano plot [UV-induced high-risk skin treated with ‘HOCl in carrier’ (group 2) versus ‘carrier only’ (group 1); cut-off line: expression differential = 2; p value = 0.05; red dots: upregulated; green dots: downregulated). (b) Tabular summary of statistically significant expression changes. (c) Single RT-qPCR assessment of gene expression (Il19, Ptg2, Tlr4, Txnip). (d,e) At the end of the experiment, FFPE-skin sections (5 µm) were analyzed by IHC (H&E, COX-2, IL-19, Ki67) with hematoxylin counterstaining. (d) Tumor cross-sections (‘group 1’ specimens) displaying representative IHC stains; scale bar: 100 µm. (e) Comparative IHC expression analysis of specimens (group 1 versus group 2; scale bar: 100 µm) with summary quantification (bar graphs: H-score) including epidermal thickness (µm), IL-19, COX-2, Ki67, and 3-Cl-Tyr. For bar graphs comparing two groups only, statistical significance was calculated employing the Student's two-tailed t-test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)